IntroductionIn the land of healthcare professionals, this book is consolidated as a huge Forum on General Internal Medicine attenuated here to chronic ailments without prejudice. Its real environment naturally includes a heavy doze of case studies, clinical examples, diagnostic approaches, and treatment protocols in bed with strict nutritional advice? For but one cupcake of sugar! Nobody would be aghast were there foists in diagnosing internal diseases, no matter how many a case was examined.
One case is a 58-year-old female patient with obesity, hypertension, and a family history of diabetes. Also, ABD signs related to a perhaps initial neuropathic impairment, the next major clue is an elevated leukocyte count and a marked drop in her serum albumin—reporting the convection on systemic spillage due to tissue necrosis in a fragile diabetic.
Introduction: This case presents a 58-year-old woman presenting with polyuria and fatigue. Her medical history included obesity, hypertension, and a family history of diabetes.
Clinical Findings: On physical examination, she had a BMI of 32 kg/m² and high blood sugar with signs of possible neuropathy.
Diagnostic Approach: Recommended investigations included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c levels, and lipid profile. All the results indicated that she had been diagnosed as a case of diabetes type 2.
Treatment Protocol: The therapy aims at lifestyle modifications, administration of metformin, and regular blood glucose monitoring. A dietitian for proper weight management is also recommended.
Clinical Recommendations: All recommendations are based on the American Diabetes Association guidelines, maintaining a patient-centered approach and giving great emphasis to teaching and support.
Conclusion: The management of T2DM is a comprehensive one which necessitates interventions in the way of pharmacology and non-pharmacology. A multi-disciplinary team approach is provided to optimize outcome for the patients.
Case Study 2: Management of Hypertension in the ElderlyIntroduction: This case study looks in depth at the management of a 72-year-old male who has acute stage 2 hypertension.
Clinical Findings: The patient presents with a history of chest discomfort and blood pressure numbers of 160/95 mmHg. Significant past medical history indicates that there are signs of the coronary artery disease.
Diagnostic Approach: The patient should be investigated for an ECG, echocardiogram, and the evaluation of secondary causes of hypertension. Central findings are left ventricular hypertrophy without acute events.
Treatment Protocol: The initial steps should include growing them on a diuretic, such as a thiazide and making them aware of the need for cautious lifestyle modifications in areas like diet, exercise, weight watchers; etc.
Clinical Recommendations: The Guidelines for ESCH promote an incentive for treating hypertension as movement towards the goal of ‘meaningful level’ of blood pressure management.
Conclusion: The management of older hypertensive patients requires a decent judgment as to the choice of antihypertensive drugs, side effects, and their comorbidity.
The medical community needs to remain alert about the best practices in internal medicine, which will help them pursue effective long-term care and treatment of patients suffering from chronic diseases. Based on the best available evidence and guidelines, each case study is closed with dermatological issues to ensure a high-quality job in patient care.
The use of visual aids and diagrams in each case study in this manual makes complex medical concepts easy to comprehend. Readers should be able to extract key lessons after the diagrams are considered alongside the text. Such a positive application allows the practitioner to improve on clinical decision-making.
At a close look, content development with flowcharts is designed to give clinician managers an idea of protocols for combating diseases chronic in nature.
The appendix contains additional clinical resources, including flowcharts for diagnosis and management protocols for various chronic diseases, facilitating easy reference for healthcare practitioners.